Woodcut of Obed Hussey's original reaper. A man sits on a box that covers the machinery, holding a rake that helps guide the wheat into the cutter bars. The apparatus is connected to a shaft that allows it to be pulled by a pair of horses, but the horses are not shown.

The one process in the whole business of turning wheat into bread when time is of the essence is the harvest. It’s back-breaking work, and the slightest delay can ruin the quality of the grain. In Europe, a ready supply of peasants got the job done. In America labour, especially in the newly settl...

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In Cairo, Egypt, a young child wearing a pink jacket carries a battered alumium tray on their head loaded with freshly baked flatbreads.

An enormous amount of wheat, roughly one fifth of the total harvest, is traded internationally between countries and, as might be expected, if the supply falls, prices rise. Given the strategic importance of wheat, countries try to ensure that they have an adequate supply, even when doing so actua...

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Woodcut showing the stages of making of bread in bakeries and, below the images, details of prices. From The Assize of Bread 1608

The very first English law about food regulated the size of a standard loaf of bread. The Assize of Bread and Ale kept the price constant, but that price bought more or less bread depending on the price of wheat. It never was a very useful system, for bakers or bread buyers, but it survived from a...

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Monochrome imatge of an Italian ciabatta, sliced open, and showing the open airy crumb typical of ciabatta.

The one thing to be thankful for in the rise of fast factory bread is that it prompted the resurgence of small, artisan bakers. They have been goaded to produce breads that are better in every way than even the best breads of years gone by. It may seem at times if their focus is on traditions from...

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A New American Stone Mill under construction. In the foreground, the gray millstone incised with the grooves that will shear and then grind the wheat as it rotates. Behind, a man in a welding mask is working on the metal frame, his face lit by the intense blue arc of the welder. Sonme tools rest on top of the stone.

Without a doubt, the most important trend in the resurgence of baking with care is the increasing use of small mills by keen home bakers and professionals alike. Better nutrition and stunning flavour are the obvious benefits. Less visible, a renewal of local grain growing and closer links between...

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