Root profiles of wheat types. Annual wheat is on the left. It's root system is relatively sprase and short. Kernza(tm) is on the right with muvh bushier and deeper root system. Photo by Jerry Glover.

Wheat is an annual plant; it dies after setting seed. Each year, the farmer has to prepare the land, sow seed, fertilise and protect the plants. When the ground is bare, between crops, wind and water can erode the soil. The shallow root systems of annual plants fail to exploit the resources of the...

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A man wearing a white cowboy hat and a checked shirt stands in the middle distance with his hands on his hips in a field of ripe, yellow Soft Svevo durum wheat that stretches away up to the horizon. Photo from USDA.

Durum wheat is only about 5% of the total wheat harvest around the world. For those of us who like our pasta, that’s a very important 5%. Different gluten proteins make a durum dough stretchy rather than elastic — perfect for pasta. The kernels are very hard and need dedicated milling machinery, w...

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Woodcut of Obed Hussey's original reaper. A man sits on a box that covers the machinery, holding a rake that helps guide the wheat into the cutter bars. The apparatus is connected to a shaft that allows it to be pulled by a pair of horses, but the horses are not shown.

The one process in the whole business of turning wheat into bread when time is of the essence is the harvest. It’s back-breaking work, and the slightest delay can ruin the quality of the grain. In Europe, a ready supply of peasants got the job done. In America labour, especially in the newly settl...

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Well, that was a fun couple of hours. A couple of days ago I came across Meadow’s excellent blog post On the making of tools. That they can make the tools is awesome enough; that they make them freely available is just lovely. Naturally enough, the one I most wanted to use was Fido, which spelun...

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In Cairo, Egypt, a young child wearing a pink jacket carries a battered alumium tray on their head loaded with freshly baked flatbreads.

An enormous amount of wheat, roughly one fifth of the total harvest, is traded internationally between countries and, as might be expected, if the supply falls, prices rise. Given the strategic importance of wheat, countries try to ensure that they have an adequate supply, even when doing so actua...

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